Equine Law Blog

State equine activity liability laws generally, but not always, apply to equine activity "participants" who are “engaged in an equine activity” at the time of injury. Over the years, cases have addressed whether people injured on the grounds of an equine activity qualify as “participants.” Let’s take a look at two noteworthy cases addressing the issue and find out whether you agree with the courts.

A caller years ago, had a difficult legal problem. He recently bought a home and surrounding land, converted a back yard work shop into a horse stall, set up new pasture fencing and moved in his horse. His life-long dream of owning a horse property within his budget, he thought, had just been realized.

Within weeks, however, his dream seemed to shatter when he received a notice from the municipality that his horse and fencing had to go. What he had not known, until that point, is that his municipality’s zoning ordinances included set-back restrictions for fencing. The ordinance required that his fence lines be within a substantial distance from his property line. Unfortunately for him, his lot was very narrow and compliance with the ordinance would make his horse pasture the size of a dog run.

Our clients have asked how to amend their contracts, especially after they hire us to draft them and want our new contracts to replace the old ones.

Amending a contract is not difficult as long as your documentation makes clear what you are trying to accomplish. In our experience, however, we've seen equine business operators draft their own contracts which are anything but clear and cause problems. Of the many ways in which a contract can be amended, here are a few examples:

We receive numerous inquiries from people who have encountered problems during their equine leases – both from lessors (the ones who own the horse and part with it subject to the lease terms) and lessees (the ones who receive use of the horse). Advance planning, and legal help, can prevent several problems. Here are some equine lease problems and suggestions for avoiding them.

We thank the many businesses and individuals who hire us to draft their equine-related contracts. The problem is, even with thorough contracts that identify rights and responsibilities, people don’t always follow their terms. What do you do when the other party to a contract has breached (violated) its terms? Certainly, every situation is different, but here are some options:

In these challenging financial times, more and more horse owners have entered into arrangements they call “free leases.” No legal dictionary, to our knowledge, recognizes the term “free lease,” but in the horse industry it has come to mean a horse that is leased to another with no lease payment to the owner (the lessor) as long as the lessee provides the horse care and attention.

In our experience, lessors (horse owners) usually enter into these arrangements to avoid costly horse care. In an effort to save money, lessors rarely insist on contracts. Not surprisingly, disputes arise. For example:

Nationwide, 46 states – all but California, Maryland, Nevada and New York – have some form of an equine activity liability act. All of these laws differ, but approximately 31 require sign posting, usually, but not always, by “equine professionals.” The sign posting requirements vary considerably among the laws. Here’s a sampling of how the laws differ.

We are often asked how long a waiver or release “lasts.” The answer depends on several factors, such as:

• Did the document specify that it was only intended to be valid for activities taking place on the day when it was signed?
• Does a state law supply a time limitation during which the document is valid?

Many in the industry have been discussing the Connecticut Supreme Court case of Vendrella v. Astriab Family Limited Partnership. Oral arguments took place recently, and we await an opinion.  

When equine business operators take legal matters into their own hands, problems can occur. Here are some of them:

• The horse seller has a sales agent that advertised the horse online and negotiated a sale to a buyer who is located out of the country. The sales agent, believing promises of the out-of-country buyer that the purchase payment was “in the mail” on the same day that the buyer’s shipper was picking up the horse,  allowed the shipper to haul away the horse. Unfortunately, the seller never sent a payment, but the horse was already out of the country before the buyer discovered the problem.

How to Avoid: In addition to insisting on a carefully worded sales agreement, the seller can insist that the buyer’s payment in full is received and clears the bank before the horse can be shipped away.